Excerpt:
Following the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU, hereinafter Court of Justice), there is a strong presumption that, in the case of prosecution for refusal to perform military service in a conflict and if that military service would include, inter alia, war crimes or crimes against humanity, the refusal to perform military service is connected with a reason for persecution. It is for the national authorities and courts to ascertain, in the light of all the circumstances at issue, whether this connection is plausible. In that regard, it is not sufficient if the requirements for refugee protection are considered to be met on a diffuse factual basis and by falling short of the regular standard of proof (Regelbeweismaß) to reach the full judicial conviction (Überzeugungsgewissheit).